IFSC | RTGS System

Indian Financial System Code (IFSC). It is used for electronic payment applications like Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) and Centralised Funds Management System (CFMS) developed by Reserve Bank of India (RBI). Code has eleven characters "Alpha Numeric" in nature. First four characters represent bank, fifth character is default "0" left for future use and last six characters represent branch.

MICR Code: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition as printed on cheque book to facilitate the processing of cheques.

What is RTGS System?

The acronym 'RTGS' stands for Real Time Gross Settlement, which can be defined as the continuous (real-time) settlement of funds transfers individually on an order by order basis (without netting). 'Real Time' means the processing of instructions at the time they are received rather than at some later time.'Gross Settlement' means the settlement of funds transfer instructions occurs individually (on an instruction by instruction basis). Considering that the funds settlement takes place in the books of the Reserve Bank of India, the payments are final and irrevocable.

How RTGS is different from National Electronics Funds Transfer System (NEFT)?

NEFT is an electronic fund transfer system that operates on a Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) basis which settles transactions in batches. In DNS, the settlement takes place with all transactions received till the particular cut-off time. These transactions are netted (payable and receivables) in NEFT whereas in RTGS the transactions are settled individually. For example, currently, NEFT operates in hourly batches - there are eleven settlements from 9 am to 7 pm on week days and five settlements from 9 am to 1 pm on Saturdays. Any transaction initiated after a designated settlement time would have to wait till the next designated settlement time Contrary to this, in the RTGS transactions are processed continuously throughout the RTGS business hours.

Is there any minimum / maximum amount stipulation for RTGS transactions?

The RTGS system is primarily meant for large value transactions. The minimum amount to be remitted through RTGS is ` 2 lakh. There is no upper ceiling for RTGS transactions.

What is the time taken for effecting funds transfer from one account to another under RTGS?

Under normal circumstances the beneficiary branches are expected to receive the funds in real time as soon as funds are transferred by the remitting bank. The beneficiary bank has to credit the beneficiary's account within two hours of receiving the funds transfer message.

Would the remitting customer receive an acknowledgement of money credited to the beneficiary's account?

The remitting bank receives a message from the Reserve Bank that money has been credited to the receiving bank. Based on this the remitting bank can advise the remitting customer that money has been delivered to the receiving bank.

Would the remitting customer get back the money if it is not credited to the beneficiary's account? When?

Yes.It is expected that the receiving bank will credit the account of the beneficiary instantly. If the money cannot be credited for any reason, the receiving bank would have to return the money to the remitting bank within 2 hours. Once the money is received back by the remitting bank, the original debit entry in the customer's account is reversed.

Till what time RTGS service window is available?

The RTGS service window for customer's transactions is available from 9.00 hours to 16.30 hours on week days and from 9.00 hours to 13.30 hours on Saturdays for settlement at the RBI end. However, the timings that the banks follow may vary depending on the customer timings of the bank branches.

What about Processing Charges / Service Charges for RTGS transactions?

With a view to rationalize the service charges levied by banks for offering funds transfer through RTGS system, a broad framework has been mandated as under:

a) Inward transactions – Free, no charge to be levied.

b) Outward transactions –

Rs. 2 lakh to Rs. 5 lakh - not exceeding Rs. 30 per transaction.

Above Rs. 5 lakh - not exceeding Rs. 55 per transaction.

What is the essential information that the remitting customer would have to furnish to a bank for the remittance to be effected?

The remitting customer has to furnish the following information to a bank for effecting a RTGS remittance:

1. Amount to be remitted
2. Remitting customer’s account number which is to be debited
3. Name of the beneficiary bank
4. Name of the beneficiary customer
5. Account number of the beneficiary customer
6. Sender to receiver information, if any
7. The IFSC Number of the receiving branch

How would one know the IFSC code of the receiving branch?

The beneficiary customer can obtain the IFSC code from his bank branch. The IFSC code is also available on the cheque leaf. The IFSC code is also available on the RBI website (http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/RTGS/DOCs/RTGEB1110.xls). This code number and bank branch details can be communicated by the beneficiary to the remitting customer.

Do all bank branches in India provide RTGS service?

No. All the bank branches in India are not RTGS enabled. As on September 29, 2011, there are more than 78,000 RTGS enabled bank branches. The list of such branches is available on RBI website at

http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/RTGS/DOCs/RTGEB1110.xls

Is there any way that a remitting customer can track the remittance transaction?

It would depend on the arrangement between the remitting customer and the remitting bank. Some banks with internet banking facility provide this service. Once the funds are credited to the account of the beneficiary bank, the remitting customer gets a confirmation from his bank either by an e-mail or sms.

Whom do I can contact, in case of non-credit or delay in credit to the beneficiary account?

Contact your bank / branch. If the issue is not resolved satisfactorily, complaint may be lodged to the Customer Service Department of RBI at -

The Chief General Manager,

Reserve Bank of India,

Customer Service Department,

1st Floor, Amar Building, Fort,

Mumbai – 400 001

E-mail: cgmcsd@rbi.org.in

How can a remitting customer know whether the bank branch of the beneficiary accepts remittance through RTGS?

For a funds transfer to go through RTGS, both the sending bank branch and the receiving bank branch would have to be RTGS enabled. The lists are readily available at all RTGS enabled branches. Besides, the information is available at RBI website (http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/RTGS/DOCs/RTGEB1110.xls). Considering that more than 74,000 branches at more than 20,000 cities/ towns / taluka places are covered under the RTGS system, getting this information would not be difficult.

Reference: http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/FAQView.aspx?Id=65

Anaesthetic Machine

The anaesthetic machine or anesthesia machine is used by anaesthesiologists and nurse anaesthetists to support the administration of anaesthesia. The most common type of anaesthetic machine in use in the developed world is the continuous-flow anaesthetic machine, which is designed to provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases (such as oxygen and nitrous oxide), mixed with an accurate concentration of anaesthetic vapour (such as isoflurane), and deliver this to the patient at a safe pressure and flow. Modern machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient-monitoring devices.

The original concept of Boyle's machine was invented by the British anaesthetist H.E.G. Boyle in 1917. Prior to this time, anaesthetists often carried all their equipment with them, but the development of heavy, bulky cylinder storage and increasingly elaborate airway equipment meant that this was no longer practical for most circumstances. The anaesthetic machine is usually mounted on anti-static wheels for convenient transportation.

Simpler anaesthetic apparatus may be used in special circumstances, such as the TriService Apparatus, a simplified anaesthesia delivery system invented for the British armed forces, which is light and portable and may be used effectively even when no medical gases are available. This device has unidirectional valves which suck in ambient air which can be enriched with oxygen from a cylinder, with the help of a set of bellows. A large number of draw-over type of anaesthesia devices are still in use in India for administering an air-ether mixture to the patient, which can be enriched with oxygen. But the advent of the cautery has sounded the death knell to this device, due to the explosion hazard.

Many of the early innovations in U.S. anaesthetic equipment, including the closed circuit carbon-dioxide absorber (aka: the Guedel-Foregger Midget) and diffusion of such equipment to anaesthetists within the United States can be attributed to Dr. Richard von Foregger and The Foregger Company.

In dentistry a simplified version of the anaesthetic machine, without a ventilator or anaesthetic vaporiser, is referred to as a relative analgesia machine. By using this machine, the dentist can administer a mild inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen, in order to keep his patient in a conscious state while depressing the feeling of pain.

Components of a typical machine

A modern machine typically includes the following components:

• connections to piped hospital oxygen, medical air, and nitrous oxide. Pipeline pressure from the hospital medical gas system (wall outlet) should be around 50 psi (4 Bar, 58 psi).
• reserve gas cylinders of oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide attached via a specific yoke with a Bodok seal. Older machines may have cylinder yokes and flow meters for carbon dioxide and cyclopropane. Many newer machines only have oxygen reserve cylinders. The regulators for the cylinders are set at 300 kPa (45 psi; 3 atmospheres). If the cylinders are left on and the machine is plugged into the wall outlet, gas from the wall supply will be used preferentially, since it is at a higher pressure. In situations where pipeline gases are not available, machines may safely be used from cylinders alone, provided fresh cylinders are available.
• a high-flow oxygen flush which provides pure oxygen at 30-75 litres/minute
• pressure gauges, regulators and 'pop-off' valves, to protect the machine components and patient from high-pressure gases (referred to as 'barotrauma').
• flow meters (rotameters) for oxygen, air, and nitrous oxide, which are used by the anaesthesiologist to provide accurate mixtures of medical gases to the patient. Flow meters are typically pneumatic, but increasingly electromagnetic digital flow meters are being used.
• one or more anaesthetic vaporizers to accurately add volatile anaesthetics to the fresh gas flow
• a ventilator
• a manual ventilation bag in combination with an Adjustable Pressure Limiting (APL) valve
• physiological monitors to monitor the patient's heart rate, ECG, non-invasive blood pressure and oxygen saturation (additional monitors are generally available to monitor end-tidal CO2, temperature, arterial blood pressure central venous pressure, etc.). In addition, the composition of the gases delivered to the patient (and breathed out) is monitored continuously.
• breathing circuits, most commonly a circle attachment, or a Bain's breathing system, which are breathing hoses connected to an anaesthesia face mask
• a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) with or without bacteria-viral filter (HMEF).
• scavenging system to remove expired anaesthetic gases from the operating room. Scavenged gases should always be vented to the atmosphere.
• suction apparatus

There is generally a small work bench built into the machine where airway management equipment is kept within ready reach of the anaesthetist.

Safety features of modern machines

Based on experience gained from analysis of mishaps, the modern anaesthetic machine incorporates several safety devices, including:

• an oxygen failure alarm (aka 'Oxygen Failure Warning Device' or OFWD). In older machines this was a pneumatic device called a Ritchie whistle which sounds when oxygen pressure is 38 psi descending. Newer machines have an electronic sensor.
• Nitrous cut-off or oxygen failure protection device, OFPD: the flow of medical nitrous-oxide is dependent on oxygen pressure. This is done at the regulator level. In essence, the nitrous-oxide regulator is a 'slave' of the oxygen regulator. ie, if oxygen pressure is lost then the other gases can not flow past their regulators.
• hypoxic-mixture alarms (hypoxy guards or ratio controllers) to prevent gas mixtures which contain less than 21-25% oxygen being delivered to the patient. In modern machines it is impossible to deliver 100% nitrous oxide (or any hypoxic mixture) to the patient to breathe. Oxygen is automatically added to the fresh gas flow even if the anaesthetist should attempt to deliver 100% nitrous oxide. Ratio controllers usually operate on the pneumatic principle or are chain linked (link 25 system). Both are located on the rotameter assembly, unless electronically controlled.
• ventilator alarms, which warn of low or high airway pressures.
• interlocks between the vaporizers preventing inadvertent administration of more than one volatile agent concurrently
• alarms on all the above physiological monitors
• the Pin Index Safety System prevents cylinders being accidentally connected to the wrong yoke
• the NIST (Non-Interchangeable Screw Thread) or Diameter Index Safety System, DISS system for pipeline gases, which prevents piped gases from the wall being accidentally connected to the wrong inlet on the machine
• pipeline gas hoses have non-interchangeable Schrader valve connectors, which prevents hoses being accidentally plugged into the wrong wall socket

The functions of the machine should be checked at the beginning of every operating list in a "cockpit-drill". Machines and associated equipment must be maintained and serviced regularly.

Older machines may lack some of the safety features and refinements present on newer machines. However, they were designed to be operated without mains electricity, using compressed gas power for the ventilator and suction apparatus. Modern machines often have battery backup, but may fail when this becomes depleted.

The modern anaesthetic machine still retains all the key working principles of the Boyle's machine (a cvBritish Oxygen Company trade name) in honour of the British anaesthetist H.E.G. Boyle (1875–1941). In India, however, the trade name 'Boyle' is registered with Boyle HealthCare Pvt. Ltd., Indore MP.

A two-person (Operating Theatre Practitioner and anaesthetist) pre-use check of the anaesthetic machine is recommended before every single case and has been shown to decrease the risk of 24-hour severe postoperative morbidity and mortality. Various regulatory and professional bodies have formulated checklists for different countries. A free transparent reality simulation of the checklist recommended by the United States Food & Drug Administration is available from the Virtual Anesthesia Machine web site ( see below) after registration which is also free. Machines should be cleaned between cases as they are at considerable risk of contamination with pathogens.

External links:

1. Virtual Anesthesia Machine (VAM) — a free transparent reality simulation of a generic anesthesia machine from the University of Florida
2. Various anesthesia-related simulations
3. Virtual Anaesthesia Textbook
4. FRCA UK — resources for UK anaesthetist in training
5. History of Dr. Richard von Foregger and the Foregger Company — written by his son, Dr. R. Foregger, this website chronicles one of the leading manufacturers and developers of anesthesiology equipment in the early 20th century.

Source: wikipedia.org

Medical Gas Supply

Medical Piped Gas Systems Supply

Medical piped gas systems in hospitals, and most other healthcare facilities, are essential for supplying piped oxygen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and medical air to various parts of the hospital. These systems are usually highly monitored by various computerized alarm systems.

Oxygen

Oxygen may be used for patients requiring supplemental oxygen via a mask. Usually accomplished by a large storage system of liquid oxygen at the hospital which is evaporated into a concentrated oxygen supply, pressures are usually around 55 psi. In small medical centers with a low patient capacity, oxygen is usually supplied by multiple standard cylinders.

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous Oxide is supplied to various surgical suites for its anesthetic functions during pre-operative procedures. Delivered to the hospital in standard tanks and supplied through the Medical Gas system. System pressures around 50 psi.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is typically used to power surgical equipment during various procedures. Pressures range around 175 psi to the various locations.

Carbon Dioxide

Typically used to inflate or suspend tissues during surgery. System pressures are maintained at about 50 psi. it is also used in laser surgeries.

Medical Air

Medical Air is supplied by a special air compressor to patient care areas using clean outside air. Pressures are maintained around 55 psi.

Medical Test Gas Mixtures

There are many gas mixtures used for clinical and medical applications. They are often used for patient diagnostics such as lung function testing or blood gas analysis. Test gases are also used to calibrate and maintain medical devices used for the delivery of anaesthetic gases.

Medical Culture Growth Mixtures

Culture growth applications include controlled aerobic or anaerobic incubator atmospheres for biological cell culture or tissue growth. Controlled aerobic conditions are created usign mixtures rich in oxygen and anaerobic conditions are created using mixtures rich in hydrogen or carbon dioxide.

Medical Vacuum

Medical Vacuum in a hospital supports vacuum equipment and evacuation procedures, usually supplied by various vacuum pump systems exhausting to the atmosphere. Continuous vacuum is maintained around 22 inches of mercury.

Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal

Waste Anesthesia Gas Disposal in a hospital anesthesia evacuation procedures. Although it uses the same vacuum pump than the Medical Vacuum System, the piping shall be a separate line from the source. is not combined with the medical vacuum per NFPA 99. Continuous vacuum is maintained around 22 inches of mercury.

• Vacuum Insulated Evaporator VIE
• Oxygen
• Nitrous oxide
• Air
• Carbon dioxide
• Entonox
• Heliox

Source: wikipedia.org

What Kind of Dog Is a Labrador Retriever?

1. What is a Labrador Retriever?
2. Are there differences between hunting Labs and show Labs?
3. Can I get a mini-Lab?
4. What color Lab should I get?
5. How long do Labs live?
6. How long do Labs stay puppies?
7. Where do Labs come from?
8. Are modern Labs very different from early Labs?
9. How has the Lab’s working background influenced his temperament?
10. What are Labs used for today?
11. Are Labs a popular breed?
12. What type of personality does a Lab have?
13. What are 10 good reasons to get a Lab?
14. What are 10 good reasons not to get a Lab?
15. What type of person makes a good Lab owner?
16. What does a Lab need?

What Kind of Dog Is a Labrador Retriever?

Rabbit Farming in India

INTRODUCTION

The existence of rabbit with human being remained from the time immemorial. Romans were the first to domesticate wild rabbits. Wild rabbits [oryctolagus cuniculus] gained importance in Roman empire as game animals. Such rabbits were increasingly populated in and around southern Europe, North Africa and Spain.

Rabbit raising started in other parts of Europe in the early middle ages but was not accepted as popular animal till 19th century. In Australia and New Zealand, the rabbit population was by and large higher. In North America only feral rabbits were abundant. Wild rabbits were in existence in Chili.

There are different views concerning the domestication of rabbits. Some say rabbits were domesticated by 1st century B.C. but others say that the first experiment in domestication of rabbits took place in monasteries of France between 6th and 10th century A.D.

Napoleon was regarded as the most famous rabbit breeder of all times.

Rabbit keeping in commercial base started in the last century. The scarcity of food following first and second world war pave the way for extensive rabbit rearing. Meat became popular due to it’s excellent quality. During those times rabbit’s flesh was denoted as ‘Underground Mutton’ and served as a source of food for rural families. Later on F.A.O. through different package programs encouraged the farmers for rabbit farming. Thus rabbit farming gradually spread to other countries.

In India from early sixties the rabbit farming gained importance in places like Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir through introduction of German angora breed. In 1977 the government of India took much interest in rabbit raising in states and established a Central Research Station to encourage rabbit farming and to envisage research program to mitigate the problems in rabbit farming. Now rabbit farming is take up length and breadth of the country. But more attention is required to be made to popularize and commercialize the mutton of it.

For the economic growth of our country, Rabbit growing is considered as one of the best aspects. In the ancient days rabbits were living in forests, hill areas, uncultivated lands etc. but at present it is famous that rabbit are grown as pet animals in township areas and villages. The growing of rabbits is not only for meat purpose but also it should be noted that importance is being offered for their skin and hairs.

KEY FEATURES

1. Rabbit Farming business requires less space and it can be done anywhere at farm, backyard, on terrace or even at home.
2. The capital investment for this is very less.
3. As Rabbits are vegetarian you can feed almost anything vegetarian to the Rabbit including surplus vegetables from the market, tree leaves or cattle grass. Hence, it is very easy and affordable to feed a Rabbit.
4. No skilled labour is required for this project as we provide thorough practicle training at our training centre which is free of cost.
5. As per Indian Law we can not catch, kill or keep a Indian breed of Rabbit as Pet animal. But since 1960, the Government of India has taken initiative in importing Rabbits. Thus growing or keeping Imported Rabbits [broiler breed] is authorized by Indian Law.
6. The reproduction capacity of Rabbits is very high. One female Rabbit delivers almost every 30 days and in the first year she delivers 5 to 10 babies per delivery and in the second year she will deliver 10 to 15 baby Rabbits per delivery.
7. The pregnancy and lection period is just 30 days and we keep the baby rabbits with her for 15 days. That means a female can deliver babies every 45 days, which is very fast growth of reproduction. In five years a mother Rabbit will deliver 34 times.
8. Within 3 months a baby Rabbit gains weight of 2kg to 3 kg.

Special features of ‘Rabbit Farming’

Rabbits are midway between ruminants and monogastric animals. They are called pseudo ruminant. They can convert cellulose into meat and can easily survive on kitchen scrap. They are coprophagous in nature they reinvest their faeces in the early hours of morning directly from their anus through lips. Thus replenish vitamins and cellulose content of feases.

They breed eight times in a year. Female may produce five to eight youngs which attain sexual maturity in five to six months. Life span of rabbit is about six to seven years. Slaughter weight of rabbit is about 2 kg. which can be achieved in 12 to 15 weeks. Rabbits have got fast reproductive process and are able to remate within 24 hours of giving birth [kindling]. Their gestation period ranges to 31 days.

Location and Housing:

• Ensure adequate facility for clean water, electricity, approach road, supply of breeding stock, feed, fodders & veterinary aid.
• For small size rabbit farms hutch system may be adopted which is a self contained cage-cum-nest box with it's own roof.
• In case of larger farms cages may be arranged inside the sheds in single or two tier under hanging or step wise rack system.
• Provide adequate floor space per rabbit.
• Rabbitry roofing should be preferably of asbestos, wood, thatch or other locally available cheaper materials.
• Construct sheds in such a way that predators and birds do not enter the shed. In case of open hutches proper fencing should be provided to protect the rabbits from their predators.
• Construct rat proof civil structures for feed and wool storage.
• Keep the shed/pens clean by regular cleaning and disinfection to make it free from flies/mosquitoes and a foot dip should be maintained at the entrance of the sheds.
• Rabbit cages should be cleaned regularly, especially disinfected before kindling.
• During kindling period cage/hutch nest box should be kept clean so that kits do not pick up diseases like coccidia.
• Feeders and waterers should be cleaned regularly and mash feed should be removed from the feeders which can be used for feeding other livestock species.

Equipment:

• Use scientifically designed cages and equipment. The ideal guage for floor of the cage is 14-16 with a mesh size of 19x19 mm or 25x13 mm. The walls and roof can be constructed with lighter guage i.e. 16-20 with a mesh size of 25x25mm.
• The feeders should be designed and placed in such a manner that the feed can be poured from outside and should be 5-7.5 cm. above the cage floor to avoid contamination by urine, faeces or water.The rim of the feeders should be round and turned inward ½" so that the rabbits do not spill the feed/water.
• The watering equipment of 400-500 ml. capacity made up of aluminum, earthen or any other locally available cheaper material may be used.

Feeding:

• Production performance depends upon the quality of feed offered. For high production levels balanced pellet feed in combination with hay should be given.
• Fresh green plants like bean, Alfalfa, berseem, grass, tender banana, cane and bamboo leaves, cutup pieces of the stalks of plants such as maize or banana, roots such as cassava, yams, carrots, beefs and turnips inedible portions of cabbage and cauliflower etc. can replace partially or wholly pellet feeds in case of low input and low output production system.
• If whole pellet is fed, feed is given at a time for many days.
• If concentrate and hay are given, then concentrate should be offered preferably in the morning and hay in the afternoon.
• A practical combination of different types of feeds and regular timetable for feeding is advisable so that rabbits do not feel any stress due to changes in their daily routine.
• Water should be available round the clock particularly to a lactating doe.
• Always give fresh and clean drinking water.
• Always keep water pots clean and remove sediments daily. Water pots should be cleaned thoroughly every week.

Breeding Management:

• The average age at first mating is about 5-7 months and it varies with the physical maturity of individual rabbit and also breed.
• Mating should be done either early in the morning or in the evening.
• The doe is to be taken to the buck cage and never vice-versa
• The nest box is kept in the cage around 25th day of pregnancy with loosened jute wool or wood shavings.
• In order to prevent inbreeding depression, rabbits from the same family should not be bred.

Care of young ones:

• The nest box should be removed after 5 weeks of kindling.
• Kits should be examined and dead ones should be removed daily.
• If the bedding becomes wet it should be replaced by a fresh and clean one.
• No sudden change in feed is advisable.

Disease prevention/control:

• Clean sanitary conditions of rabbit cages, sheds and equipment, balanced feed and fresh clean water are essential to prevent chances of infection.
• The rabbits should be prevented from coming in contact with the feaces.
• Over crowding should be avoided.
• Proper ventilation should be provided.
• Flies which may act as carriers of the infection should be kept under control in the rabbitry.
• Rabbit cages should be disinfected with blow lamp after every shearing and kindling cages before the doe is shifted.
• Burn dead sick rabbits at once to keep the diseases from spreading.

Let’s see how easy it:

• Rabbit Farming business requires less space and it can be done anywhere at farm, backyard, on terrace or even at home.
• The capital investment for this is very less.
• As Rabbits are vegetarian you can feed almost anything vegetarian to the Rabbit including waste or surplus vegetables from the market, tree leaves, cattle grass or even kitchen scrap. Hence, it is very easy and affordable to feed a Rabbit.
• No skilled labour is required for this project.
• As per Indian Law we can not catch, kill or keep a Rabbit as Pet animal. But since 1960, the Government of India has taken initiative in importing Rabbits. Thus growing or keeping Imported Rabbits is authorized by Indian Law.
• The reproduction capacity of Rabbits is very high. One female Rabbit delivers every 30 days. She delivers 5 to 10 babies per delivery.
• 15 days after delivery the female Rabbit gets ready for mating again and the pregnancy and lection period is just 30 days. That means a female can deliver babies every 45 days, which is very fast growth of reproduction. In five years a mother Rabbit will deliver 34 times.
• Within 3 months a baby Rabbit gains weight of 2 to 3 kg.

Isn’t that interesting?

Isn’t this simple, easy, affordable and huge & quick returns business.

Start Your Own Rabbit Farm Now

It’s a best lifetime business concept to earn huge amount of money every month with small investment and very less efforts.

Let’s see how easy it is:

1. Rabbit Farming business requires less space and it can be done anywhere at farm, backyard, on terrace or even at home.
2. The capital investment for this is very less. One unit of Rabbits contains 7 females and 3 males.
3. As Rabbits are vegetarian you can feed almost anything vegetarian to the Rabbit including waste or surplus vegetables from the market, tree leaves, cattle grass or even kitchen scrap. Hence, it is very easy and affordable to feed a Rabbit.
4. No skilled labour is required for this project.
5. As per Indian Law we can not catch, kill or keep a Rabbit as Pet animal. But since 1960, the Government of India has taken initiative in importing Rabbits. Thus growing or keeping Imported Rabbits is authorized by Indian Law.
6. The reproduction capacity of Rabbits is very high. One female Rabbit delivers every 30 days. She delivers 5 to 10 babies per delivery.
7. 15 days after delivery the female Rabbit gets ready for mating again and the pregnancy and lection period is just 30 days. That means a female can deliver babies every 45 days, which is very fast growth of reproduction. In five years a mother Rabbit will deliver 34 times.
8. Within 3 months a baby Rabbit gains weight of 2 to 3 kgs.

This business gives three to four times more profit of the investment done. Moreover we take the responsibility of setting the business which needs only 50 sq. ft. space & marketing of the produced rabbits also. Even in load shedding and bad conditions we bring you the business which provides you with good money.

There are many benefits of Rabbit Farming:

• Economic: This business gives tremendous income source. This is not a seasonal business as productivity from rabbits is same throughout the year.
• Fertilizer: Organic Fertilizers can be produced as a byproduct of this business.
• Food: Rabbit meat consists of low cholesterol hence it is a good food for mankind. Whereas rabbit food is very cheap and easily available.
• Meat/ Wool/ Skin Leather Production: Many people prefer Rabbit Meat as it is very tasty and healthy. Leather occupation is also developed in many European Countries. One can think of doing Leather Production as a separate occupation. This leather is used to manufacture toys, belts, hand gloves, jacket, etc. ANGORA is a new rabbit breed used for wool production.
• More Birth Capacity: Female rabbit gives birth to 1 - 21 babies at a time. They are ready for reproduction at the age of 3-4 months. The reproduction is consistent throughout the year.

There are many other benefits of Rabbit Framing. 100% disease control is possible. No need of electricity in the Rabbit Farm. No medical expenditure as farmer himself can control diseases. Rabbits reproduce at home so there is no need of doctors for reproduction.

Top 10 Bad SEO Ideas

The world of Search Engine Optimization is complicated for many reasons. For example, it is well known that the Google algorithm takes into account more than 200 factors in ranking a web page. In addition, search engines treat their algorithms as highly proprietary for two main reasons: (1) they don't want their competition to know what they are doing, and: (2) they don't want web spammers to design sites to get rankings that they don't deserve.

Another reason the SEO world is so complicated is that it has changed dramatically over the past few years. What worked in 2010 stopped working in 2011. What worked in 2011 stopped working in 2012. The complexity of this environment, and the rapid changes, have led to many SEO myths. This article identifies the top 10 worst SEO ideas, and provides an explanation as to why they don't work. Here is our top 10 list:

1. Relying on keyword metatags: Deserves the number 1 spot, simply because this stopped working 3 years ago. Search engines rely almost solely on user visible text on your site in order to determine its ranking. Text that is not user visible, such as the keyword metatags, stopped being significant years ago, because the Spammers made them abused them so badly. So take the top few keywords that your page is focused on, plug them in here, and then forget about it.

Do implement a title metatag though, because it is user visible, and one of the most important things you can do on your page to improve its ranking. Do implement a description metatag, not because it will influence rankings (because it doesn't), but because some search engines (such as Yahoo) may use it as the description it shows in your search results under some circumstances.

2. Stuff keywords in invisible text: Definitely deserves the number 2 spot, because it can and will get your site banned. This includes text written in the same color as the background, or that is drawn way off the user visible page. These schemes are trivially recognized by search engines, and are treated as the act of a blatant Spammer. Don't do it. Ever.

3. Purchase Links: This practice is still incredibly popular, largely because there are many people who get away with doing it, and it helps them with their rankings. The problem is that the it is in the strategic interest of the search engines to defeat this practice, and they are working hard to do so. Google uses three techniques to detect purchased links:

• Algorithms look for obvious patterns, such as the presence of words such as "Advertisers" or "Sponsors" near the link. Another thing they can look for is a grouping of unrelated links that don't fit the topic matter of the page where the links are found.
• Google has thousands of editors in Asia whose sole purpose is to review search results for quality purposes. Part of what they are trained to do is detect purchased links and flag them.
• Google also accepts reports of purchased links and will send these for review by their team in Asia.

So what does Google do when a purchased link is detected? They flag it and make it useless from a site ranking perspective. In addition, if they detect flagrant link buying for ranking practicespurposes, they can, and do, ban sites. Use the time more wisely. Take the same time you might have invested in finding links to buy, and find a link you deserve instead. It's much safer, and it will build your business for the long term.

4. Horde Page Rank: This is one of my favorites, because it's one that most webmasters don't understand yet. This is because it changed over the past year or two. The concept people have in their mind is that page rank is a key part of site rankings and linking to other sites "leaks page rank" from your site. However, the world has changed. Page rank is a minute factor in ranking these days. Establishing, and reinforcing, site relevance is a huge factor in your rankings. You can do this by linking to pages and sites that are relevant to yours. Do link to relevant content.

5. Swap Links: Another oldie, but not goodie. Search engines want links to represent endorsements. Swapped links represent barter, and they are trivial to detect. Don't swap links for the purpose of building page rank. It's a waste of your time. However, do swap links with sites that are highly relevant to your business, if these sites would be valuable to your users. Building your relevance in ways that are good for visitors to your site is always good. Of course, if you can get these relevant sites to link to you without linking back, this is better still.

6. Implement duplicate content: There are many different ways that this can happen, but here are two of the most popular scenarios:

• Many businesses operate many 2 or more sites that contain similar, or even identical content. These different doorways may have been implemented as different business fronts to enable the business to pursue different methods for marketing their products or services.
• Many sites have multiple ways of navigating to the same content, yet the content is delivered on a different URL in each case. Usually the URL is a simple manifestation of the path the user used to get there. The site owner has no bad intent and views each URL as being the "same page".

The trouble with duplicate content is that search engines want to rank the same content only once. So if you have multiple URLs on one site with the same content, one of these is just a waste of the search engine's time. Here is a real case where you are "leaking page rank" - you are sending your own precious page rank to pages that will never rank.

You also need to think about your crawl budget. If the search engine comes to your site and is going to crawl 1000 pages today, and 400 of these are duplicate pages that will never rank, you wasted a significant percentage of your opportunity for the search engine to find good unique content and rank it.

And if you have implemented "doorway sites" you could be in bigger trouble. Search engines see this as Spamming, and you could get banned.

7. Use Session IDs on your URLs: Search engines makeing indexing decisions over a time period of many months. Getting a new site to rank is a lengthy process. Because of this, search engines look for static pages. When they see parameters at the end of a URL, the search engine treats them as part of the URL.

If a search engine sees one Session ID when it crawls a page on your site today, and a different one when it crawls the same page next week, it thinks it has found two different pages. Neither version of the page will get ranked, and the search engine will view your site as unstable. Session IDs will kill your rankings. Put your parameters in a cookie. Live with the fact that 2% of the surfing public disables cookies.

8. Implement your site in Flash: Probably very pretty. But probably very useless from a search engine ranking perspective. Search engines can read and index Flash (try the following search: "cooking schools filetype:swf"), but you will not find any sites that rank high on competitive terms implemented in Flash. One basic reason for this is that search engines love text, and if you plan to implement a site with lots of text, Flash just does not make sense as the medium to use (movies are visual experiences, not reading experiences).

9. Use lots of Javascript: Javascript can be used effectively in many ways in web site design. The trouble is that search engines don't know how to read it. This will likely change at some time in the future. But even when it does, it will still be an inefficient means for communicating to a search engine what your site is about.

The best thing to do is to use it sparingly, and when you do use Javascript, use include files and/or CSS to move it out of the way of the headers and text on your web pages. Let the search engine find the unique content on each page first, and everyone will be happier.

10. Cloaking: This is the practice of showing different content to the crawlers thaen you show to the user. It's really easy to come up with legitimate ideas as to why you might want to do this. But it does not matter. It's an emotional issue with the search engines, and they do not accept responsibility for determining your intent. It's emotional because it was a very popular technique with the Spammers in years gone by.

Search engines periodically implement new bots that they send out for the explicit purpose of detecting cloaking. There is no known technique for cloaking a bot whose name you do not yet know, coming from an IP address you currently don't know. These new bots easily detect a cloaking implementation.

When a search engine detects a site that is cloaking, there is an excellent chance that it will lead to the site being banned. Your intent in implementing cloaking does not matter. So don't do it. Solve your problem by another means.

So what's the bottom line? There are really two major things you need to do:

• Learn how to communicate to the search engine what your site is about. Many of the problems listed above relate to common practices that make the search engine's job harder, or even impossible. Learning how to build your site so that the search engine can easily determine the unique value of your site is an outstanding idea.
• Don't spend your time figuring out how to beat the search engine. It's just not a good place to be. You may even succeed in the short term. But if you do succeed in tricking them in the short term, the day will come when you wake up in the morning and a significant piece of your business has disappeared overnight. Not a good feeling at all.

Take the same energy you would have invested in the tricks and invest it in great content for your site, and in the type of marketing programs you would have implemented if the search engines did not exist.